World centers
of origin of Cultivated Plants
Fonte: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_origin
Center |
Plants |
1) South Mexican and Central American Center |
Includes southern
sections of Mexico,
Guatemala, Honduras and Costa Rica. ·
Grains and
Legumes: maize, common bean, lima bean, tepary bean, jack bean, grain amaranth ·
Melon Plants: malabar gourd, winter pumpkin, chayote ·
Fiber Plants: upland cotton, bourbon cotton, henequen (sisal) ·
Miscellaneous: sweetpotato, arrowroot, pepper, papaya, guava, cashew, wild black cherry, chochenial, cherry tomato, cacao. |
2) South
American Center |
62 plants listed; three subcenters 2) Peruvian, Ecuadorean,
Bolivian Center: ·
Root Tubers: Andean potato, Other endemic cultivated potato species. Fourteen or more species with chromosome numbers varying from 24 to 60, Edible nasturtium ·
Grains and
Legumes: starchy maize, lima bean, common bean ·
Root Tubers: edible canna, potato ·
Vegetable Crops: pepino, tomato, ground cherry, pumpkin, pepper ·
Fiber Plants: Egyptian cotton ·
Fruit and
Miscellaneous: cocoa, passion flower, guava, heilborn, quinine tree, tobacco, cherimoya 2A) Chiloe
Center (Island near the coast of southern Chile) ·
Common potato
(48 chromosomes), Chilean strawberry 2B) Brazilian-Paraguayan
Center ·
manioc, peanut, rubber tree, pineapple, Brazil nut, cashew, Erva-mate, purple
granadilla. |
3) Mediterranean
Center |
Includes the
borders of the Mediterranean Sea. 84 listed plants ·
Cereals and
Legumes: durum wheat, emmer, Polish wheat, spelt, Mediterranean oats, sand oats,
canarygrass,grass pea, pea, lupine ·
Forage Plants: Egyptian clover, white clover, crimson clover, serradella ·
Oil and
Fiber Plants: flax, rape, black mustard, olive ·
Vegetables: garden beet, cabbage, turnip, lettuce, asparagus, celery, chicory, parsnip, rhubarb, ·
Ethereal Oil
and Spice Plants: caraway, anise, thyme, peppermint, sage, hop. |
4) Middle
East |
Includes interior of Asia Minor, all
of Transcaucasia, Iran, and
the highlands of Turkmenistan. 83 species ·
Grains and
Legumes: einkorn wheat, durum wheat, poulard wheat, common wheat, oriental wheat,
Persian wheat, two-row barley, rye, Mediterranean oats, common oats, lentil, lupine ·
Forage Plants: alfalfa,
Persian clover, fenugreek, vetch, hairy vetch ·
Fruits: fig, pomegranate, apple, pear, quince, cherry, hawthorn. |
5) Ethiopia |
Includes Abyssinia,
Eritrea, and part of Somaliland. 38 species listed; rich in wheat and barley. ·
Grains and
Legumes: Abyssinian hard
wheat, poulard wheat, emmer, Polish wheat, barley, grain sorghum, pearl millet, African millet, cowpea, flax, teff ·
Miscellaneous: sesame, castor bean, garden cress, coffee, okra, myrrh, indigo. |
6) Central Asiatic Center |
Includes Northwest
India (Punjab, Northwest Frontier Provinces and Kashmir), Afghanistan, Tadjikistan, Uzbekistan, and western Tian-Shan.
43 plants ·
Grains and
Legumes: common wheat, club wheat, shot wheat, peas, lentil, horse bean, chickpea, mung bean,mustard, flax, sesame |
7) Indian
Center |
Two subcenters 7) Indo-Burma: Main Center
(India): Includes Assam and Burma, but
not Northwest India, Punjab, nor Northwest Frontier Provinces, 117 plants ·
Cereals and
Legumes: rice, chickpea, pigeon pea, urd bean, mung bean, rice bean, cowpea, ·
Vegetables and
Tubers: eggplant, cucumber, radish, taro, yam ·
Fruits: mango, orange, tangerine, citron, tamarind ·
Sugar, Oil, and Fiber Plants: sugar cane, coconut palm, sesame, safflower, tree cotton, oriental cotton, jute,crotalaria, kenaf ·
Spices, Stimulants,
Dyes, and Miscellaneous: hemp, black pepper, gum arabic, sandalwood, indigo, cinnamon tree,croton, bamboo. 7A) Siam-Malaya-Java: statt Indo-Malayan Center: Includes Indo-China and the Malay Archipelago,
55 plants ·
Cereals and
Legumes: Job's tears, velvet bean ·
Fruits: pummelo, banana, breadfruit, mangosteen ·
Oil, Sugar, Spice, and Fiber
Plants: candlenut, coconut palm, sugarcane, clove, nutmeg, black pepper, manila hemp. |
8) Chinese
Center |
A total of 136 endemic
plants are listed in the largest independent
center ·
Cereals and
Legumes: e.g. broomcorn millet, Italian millet, Japanese barnyard millet, Koaliang, buckwheat,
hull-less barley, soybean, Adzuki bean, velvet bean ·
Roots, Tubers,
and Vegetables: e.g. Chinese yam, radish, Chinese cabbage, onion, cucumber ·
Fruits and
Nuts: e.g. pear,
Chinese apple, peach, apricot, cherry, walnut, litchi ·
Sugar, Drug, and Fiber Plants: e.g.sugar cane, opium poppy, ginseng camphor, hemp. |